Genetic Engineering

Genetic Engineering is a field which deals with manipulation of DNA to change heriditary features.
Genetic engineering is different from traditional breeding, where the organism's genes are manipulated indirectly.Genetic engineering uses the techniques of molecular cloning and transformation to alter the structure and characteristics of genes directly.Genetic engineering techniques have been applied to various industries, principally medicine and agriculture.
There are also applications of genetic engineering- Molecular biologists have discovered many enzymes which change the structure of DNA in living organisms. Some of these enzymes can cut and join strands of DNA. Using such enzymes, scientists learned to cut specific genes from DNA and to build customized DNA using these genes. They also learned about vectors, strands of DNA such as viruses, which can infect a cell and insert themselves into its DNA.
One of the best-known applications of genetic engineering is the creation of GMOs for food use (genetically modified foods); such foods resist insect pests, bacterial or fungal infection, resist herbicides to improve yield, have longer freshness than otherwise, or have superior nutritional value